Higher Lorentzian Polynomials, Higher Hessians, and the Hodge-Riemann Property for Graded Oriented Artinian Gorenstein Algebras in Codimension Two

Authors Pedro Macias Marques, Chris McDaniel, Alexandra Seceleanu, Junzo Watanabe

Publication date 11 August 2022

Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices (15B05) Commutative Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras (13E10) Special types (Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein, Buchsbaum, etc.) (13H10) Topological properties in algebraic geometry (14F45) Sign pattern matrices (15B35)

Abstract: A (standard graded) oriented Artinian Gorenstein algebra over the real numbers is uniquely determined by a real homogeneous polynomial called its Macaulay dual generator. We study the mixed Hodge-Riemann relations on oriented Artinian Gorenstein algebras for which we give a signature criterion on the higher mixed Hessian matrices of its Macaulay dual generator. Inspired by recent work of Br"and'en and Huh, we introduce a class of homogeneous polynomials in two variables called

i

-Lorentzian polynomials, and show that these are exactly the Macaulay dual generators of oriented Artinian Gorenstein algebras in codimension two satisfying mixed Hodge-Riemann relations up to degree

i

on the positive orthant of linear forms. We further show that the set of

i

-Lorentzian polynomials of degree

d

are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices of size depending on

i

and

d

. A corollary is that all normally stable polynomials, i.e. polynomials whose normalized coefficients form a PF sequence, are

i

-Lorentzian. Another corollary is an analogue of Whitney's theorem for Toeplitz matrices, which appears to be new: the closure of the set of totally positive Toeplitz matrices, in the Euclidean space of all real matrices of a given size, is equal to the set of totally nonnegative Toeplitz matrices.

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