The fractional p\,-biharmonic systems: optimal Poincar\'e constants, unique continuation and inverse problems

DOI10.1007/S00526-023-02468-9arXiv2208.09528MaRDI QIDQ6408315FDOQ6408315

Authors: Manas Kar, Jesse Railo, Philipp Zimmermann 

Publication date: 19 August 2022

Abstract: This article investigates nonlocal, fully nonlinear generalizations of the classical biharmonic operator $(-Delta{)}^2$. These fractional $p$-biharmonic operators appear naturally in the variational characterization of the optimal fractional Poincar'e constants in Bessel potential spaces. We study the following basic questions for anisotropic fractional $p$-biharmonic systems: existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the associated interior source and exterior value problems, unique continuation properties (UCP), monotonicity relations, and inverse problems for the exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps. Furthermore, we show the UCP for the fractional Laplacian in all Bessel potential spaces $H^{t,p}$ for any $tinmathbbR$, $1leqp<infty$ and $sinmathbb{R}_{+}setminusmathbbN$: If $uin{H}^{t,p}(mathbb{R}^n)$ satisfies $(-Delta{)}^{s}u=u=0$ in a nonempty open set $V$, then $uequiv0$ in $mathbb{R}^n$. This property of the fractional Laplacian is then used to obtain a UCP for the fractional $p$-biharmonic systems and plays a central role in the analysis of the associated inverse problems. Our proofs use variational methods and the Caffarelli-Silvestre extension.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Continuation and prolongation of solutions to PDEs (35B60) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Semilinear elliptic equations with Laplacian, bi-Laplacian or poly-Laplacian (35J91) Quasilinear elliptic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35J92) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30) Harmonic analysis and PDEs (42B37) Integral transforms in distribution spaces (46F12)

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