The fractional p\,-biharmonic systems: optimal Poincar\'e constants, unique continuation and inverse problems

DOI10.1007/S00526-023-02468-9MaRDI QIDQ6408315arXivFDO

Authors Manas Kar, Jesse Railo, Philipp Zimmermann

Publication date 19 August 2022

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Continuation and prolongation of solutions to PDEs (35B60) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Semilinear elliptic equations with Laplacian, bi-Laplacian or poly-Laplacian (35J91) Quasilinear elliptic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35J92) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30) Harmonic analysis and PDEs (42B37) Integral transforms in distribution spaces (46F12)

Abstract: This article investigates nonlocal, fully nonlinear generalizations of the classical biharmonic operator $(-Delta{)}^2$. These fractional $p$-biharmonic operators appear naturally in the variational characterization of the optimal fractional Poincar'e constants in Bessel potential spaces. We study the following basic questions for anisotropic fractional $p$-biharmonic systems: existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the associated interior source and exterior value problems, unique continuation properties (UCP), monotonicity relations, and inverse problems for the exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps. Furthermore, we show the UCP for the fractional Laplacian in all Bessel potential spaces $H^{t,p}$ for any $tinmathbbR$, $1leqp<infty$ and $sinmathbb{R}_{+}setminusmathbbN$: If $uin{H}^{t,p}(mathbb{R}^n)$ satisfies $(-Delta{)}^{s}u=u=0$ in a nonempty open set $V$, then $uequiv0$ in $mathbb{R}^n$. This property of the fractional Laplacian is then used to obtain a UCP for the fractional $p$-biharmonic systems and plays a central role in the analysis of the associated inverse problems. Our proofs use variational methods and the Caffarelli-Silvestre extension.

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