Supercongruences involving Motzkin numbers and central trinomial coefficients

arXiv2208.10275MaRDI QIDQ6408468FDOQ6408468

Authors: Jicai Liu 

Publication date: 22 August 2022

Abstract: Let $M_n$ and $T_n$ denote the $n$th Motzkin number and the $n$th central trinomial coefficient respectively. We prove that for any prime $pge5$, �egin{align*} &sum_{k=0}^{p-1}M_k^2equiv left(frac{p}{3} ight)left(2-6p ight)pmod{p^2},\ &sum_{k=0}^{p-1}kM_k^2equiv left(frac{p}{3} ight)left(9p-1 ight)pmod{p^2},\ &sum_{k=0}^{p-1}T_kM_kequiv frac{4}{3}left(frac{p}{3} ight)+frac{p}{6}left(1-9left(frac{p}{3} ight) ight)pmod{p^2}, end{align*} where $left(-ight)$ is the Legendre symbol. These results confirm three 12-year-old supercongruence conjectures of Z.-W. Sun.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65)

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