Trace formulas for Hecke operators, Gaussian hypergeometric functions, and the modularity of a threefold

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2011.05.005MaRDI QIDQ640867zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Catherine Lennon

Publication date 21 October 2011

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.1157

zbMATH Keywords

Fourier coefficients of modular formsGaussian hypergeometric seriestraces of Hecke operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hecke-Petersson operators, differential operators (one variable) (11F25) Curves over finite and local fields (11G20) (L)-functions of varieties over global fields; Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (11G40) Other character sums and Gauss sums (11T24) Special functions in characteristic (p) (gamma functions, etc.) (33E50)

Abstract: We present here simple trace formulas for Hecke operators $T_k(p)$ for all $p>3$ on $S_k(Gamm{a}_0(3))$ and $S_k(Gamm{a}_0(9))$, the spaces of cusp forms of weight $k$ and levels 3 and 9. These formulas can be expressed in terms of special values of Gaussian hypergeometric series and lend themselves to simple recursive expressions in terms of traces of Hecke operators on spaces of lower weight. Along the way, we show how to express the traces of Frobenius of a family of elliptic curves with 3-torsion as special values of a Gaussian hypergeometric series over $mathbb{F}_q$, when $qequiv1pmod3$. We also use these formulas to provide a simple expression for the Fourier coefficients of $eta(3z{)}^8$, the unique normalized cusp form of weight 4 and level 9, and then show that the number of points on a certain threefold is expressible in terms of these coefficients.

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