Hopf-type Theorems For f-neighbors

arXiv2208.13554MaRDI QIDQ6409119FDOQ6409119

Authors: A. V. Malyutin, I. M. Shirokov 

Publication date: 29 August 2022

Abstract: We work within the framework of a program aimed at exploring various extended versions for theorems from a class containing Borsuk-Ulam type theorems, some fixed point theorems, the KKM lemma, Radon, Tverberg, and Helly theorems. In this paper we study variations of the Hopf theorem concerning continuous maps of a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ of dimension $n$ to $mathbb{R}^n$. We investigate the case of maps $fcolonMomathbb{R}^m$ with $n<m$ and introduce several notions of varied types of $f$-neighbors, which is a pair of distinct points in $M$ such that $f$ takes it to a 'small' set of some type. Next for each type, we ask what distances on $M$ are realized as distances between $f$-neighbors of this type and study various characteristics of this set of distances. One of our main results is as follows. Let $fcolonMomathbb{R}^m$ be a continuous map. We say that two distinct points $a$ and $b$ in $M$ are visual $f$-neighbors if the segment in $mathbb{R}^m$ with endpoints $f(a)$ and $f(b)$ intersects $f(M)$ only at $f(a)$ and $f(b)$. Then the set of distances that are realized as distances between visual $f$-neighbors is infinite. Besides we generalize the Hopf theorem in a quantitative sense.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fixed-point theorems (47H10) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25) Fixed points and coincidences in algebraic topology (55M20) Classical topics in algebraic topology (55Mxx)

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