Interference of non-Hermiticity with Hermiticity at exceptional points

Abstract: A family of non-Hermitian but

c a l P T -

symmetric

2 J

by

2 J

toy-model tridiagonal-matrix Hamiltonians

H^{(2 J)} = H^{(2 J)} (t)

with

J = K + M = 1, 2, l d o t s

and

t < J^{2}

is studied, for which a real but non-Hermitian

2 K

by

2 K

tridiagonal-submatrix component

C (t)

of the Hamiltonian is assumed coupled to its other two complex but Hermitian

M

by

M

tridiagonal-submatrix components

A (t)

and

B (t)

. By construction, (i) all of the submatrices get decoupled at

t = t_{M} = M, (2 J - M)

with

M = 1, 2, l d o t s, J

; (ii) at all of the parameters

t = t_{M}

with

M = J - K = 0, 1, l d o t s, J - 1

the Hamiltonian ceases to be diagonalizable exhibiting the Kato's exceptional-point degeneracy of order

2 K

; (iv) the system's

c a l P T -

symmetry gets spontaneously broken when

t l e q t_{J - 1} = J^{2} - 1

.

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