Nonlocal Lagrange multipliers and transport densities

MaRDI QIDQ6409246zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Assis Azevedo, José Francisco Rodrigues, Lisa Santos

Publication date 30 August 2022

Abstract: We prove the existence of generalised solutions of the Monge-Kantorovich equations with fractional $s$-gradient constraint, $0<s<1$, associated to a general, possibly degenerate, linear fractional operator of the type, �egin{equation*} mathscr L^su=-D^scdot(AD^su+�s b,u)+�s dcdot D^su+c,u , end{equation*} with integrable data, in the space $Lambd{a}_0^{s,p}(Omega)$, which is the completion of the set of smooth functions with compact support in a bounded domain $Omega$ for the $L^p$-norm of the distributional Riesz fractional gradient $D^s$ in $R^d$ (when $s=1$, $D^1=D$ is the classical gradient). The transport densities arise as generalised Lagrange multipliers in the dual space of $L^{i}nfty(R^d)$ and are associated to the variational inequalities of the corresponding transport potentials under the constraint $|D^{s}u|leqg$. Their existence is shown by approximating the variational inequality through a penalisation of the constraint and nonlinear regularisation of the linear operator $mathscr{L}^{s}u$. For this purpose, we also develop some relevant properties of the spaces $Lambd{a}_0^{s,p}(Omega)$, including the limit case $p=infty$ and the continuous embeddings $Lambd{a}_0^{s,q}(Omega)subsetLambd{a}_0^{s,p}(Omega)$, for $1lepleqleinfty$. We also show the localisation of the nonlocal problems ($0<s<1$), to the local limit problem with classical gradient constraint when $sightarrow1$, for which most results are also new for a general, possibly degenerate, partial differential operator $mathscr{L}^{1}u$ only with integrable coefficients and bounded gradient constraint.

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