Three Examples in the Dynamical Systems Theory

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2022.084MaRDI QIDQ6409867arXivFDO

Publication date 6 September 2022

Dynamical systems involving smooth mappings and diffeomorphisms (37C05) Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows (37C10) Topological and differentiable equivalence, conjugacy, moduli, classification of dynamical systems (37C15) Dynamical systems involving homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms of planes and surfaces (37E30) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12) Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbitrary dimension (57R17)

Abstract: We present three explicit curious simple examples in the theory of dynamical systems. The first one is an example of two analytic diffeomorphisms

R

,

S

of a closed two-dimensional annulus that possess the intersection property but their composition

R S

does not (

R

being just the rotation by

p i / 2

). The second example is that of a non-Lagrangian

n

-torus

L_{0}

in the cotangent bundle

T^{a} s t {m a t h b b T}^{n}

of

{m a t h b b T}^{n}

(

n g e q 2

) such that

L_{0}

intersects neither its images under almost all the rotations of

T^{a} s t {m a t h b b T}^{n}

nor the zero section of

T^{a} s t {m a t h b b T}^{n}

. The third example is that of two one-parameter families of analytic reversible autonomous ordinary differential equations of the form

d o t x = f (x, y)

,

d o t y = m u g (x, y)

in the closed upper half-plane

y g e q 0

such that for each family, the corresponding phase portraits for

0 < m u < 1

and for

m u > 1

are topologically non-equivalent. The first two examples are expounded within the general context of symplectic topology.

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