Generation of measures on the torus with good sequences of integers

arXiv2210.02233MaRDI QIDQ6412967FDOQ6412967

Authors: Emmanuel Lesigne, Anthony Quas, J. Rosenblatt, Máté Wierdl 

Publication date: 5 October 2022

Abstract: Let $S:=(s_1<s_2<dots)$ be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers. We say $S$ is good if for every real $alpha$ the sequence $left(frac1Nsu{m}_{nleN}{e}^{2pii{s}_{n}alpha}ight{)}_{NinmathbbN}$ of complex numbers is convergent. Equivalently, the sequence $S$ is good if for every real $alpha$ the sequence $left(s_{n}alphaight)$ possesses an asymptotic distribution modulo 1. We are interested in finding out what the limit measure $m{u}_{S,alpha}:=li{m}_{N}frac1Nsu{m}_{nleN}delt{a}_{s_{n}alpha}$ can be. In this first paper on the subject, we investigate the case of a single irrational $alpha$. We show that if $S$ is a good set then for every irrational $alpha$ the limit measure $m{u}_{S,alpha}$ must be a continuous Borel probability measure. Using random methods, we show that the limit measure $m{u}_{S,alpha}$ can be any measure which is absolutely continuous with respect to the Haar-Lebesgue probability measure on $mathbbT$. On the other hand, if $u$ is the uniform probability measure supported on the Cantor set, there are some irrational $alpha$ so that for no good sequence $S$ can we have the limit measure $m{u}_{S,alpha}$ equal $u$. We leave open the question whether for any given singular, continuous Borel probability measure $u$ there is an irrational $alpha$ and a good sequence $S$ so that $m{u}_{S,alpha}=u$.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators (37A30) General theory of distribution modulo (1) (11K06) Harmonic analysis and almost periodicity in probabilistic number theory (11K70)

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