Galois Groups of Linear Difference-Differential Equations

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2023.02.017arXiv2211.01977MaRDI QIDQ6416079FDOQ6416079

Publication date: 18 October 2022

Abstract: We study the relation between the Galois group

G

of a linear difference-differential system and two classes

m a t h c a l C_{1}

and

m a t h c a l C_{2}

of groups that are the Galois groups of the specializations of the linear difference equation and the linear differential equation in this system respectively. We show that almost all groups in

m a t h c a l C_{1} c u p m a t h c a l C_{2}

are algebraic subgroups of

G

, and there is a nonempty subset of

m a t h c a l C_{1}

and a nonempty subset of

m a t h c a l C_{2}

such that

G

is the product of any pair of groups from these two subsets. These results have potential application to the computation of the Galois group of a linear difference-differential system. We also give a criterion for testing linear dependence of elements in a simple difference-differential ring, which generalizes Kolchin's criterion for partial differential fields.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30) Linear difference equations (39A06) Differential algebra (12H05) Difference algebra (12H10)

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