Galois Groups of Linear Difference-Differential Equations

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2023.02.017MaRDI QIDQ6416079arXivFDO

Publication date 18 October 2022

Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30) Linear difference equations (39A06) Differential algebra (12H05) Difference algebra (12H10)

Abstract: We study the relation between the Galois group

G

of a linear difference-differential system and two classes

m a t h c a l C_{1}

and

m a t h c a l C_{2}

of groups that are the Galois groups of the specializations of the linear difference equation and the linear differential equation in this system respectively. We show that almost all groups in

m a t h c a l C_{1} c u p m a t h c a l C_{2}

are algebraic subgroups of

G

, and there is a nonempty subset of

m a t h c a l C_{1}

and a nonempty subset of

m a t h c a l C_{2}

such that

G

is the product of any pair of groups from these two subsets. These results have potential application to the computation of the Galois group of a linear difference-differential system. We also give a criterion for testing linear dependence of elements in a simple difference-differential ring, which generalizes Kolchin's criterion for partial differential fields.

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