Universality of the local limit of preferential attachment models

arXiv2212.05551MaRDI QIDQ6420197FDOQ6420197

Remco van der Hofstad, Rounak Ray, Alessandro Garavaglia, Rajat Subhra Hazra

Publication date: 11 December 2022

Abstract: We study preferential attachment models where vertices enter the network with i.i.d. random numbers of edges that we call the out-degree. We identify the local limit of such models, substantially extending the work of Berger et al.(2014). The degree distribution of this limiting random graph, which we call the random P'{o}lya point tree, has a surprising size-biasing phenomenon. Many of the existing preferential attachment models can be viewed as special cases of our preferential attachment model with i.i.d. out-degrees. Additionally, our models incorporate negative values of the preferential attachment fitness parameter, which allows us to consider preferential attachment models with infinite-variance degrees. Our proof of local convergence consists of two main steps: a P'olya urn description of our graphs, and an explicit identification of the neighbourhoods in them. We provide a novel and explicit proof to establish a coupling between the preferential attachment model and the P'{o}lya urn graph. Our result proves a density convergence result, for fixed ages of vertices in the local limit.

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