Absolutely maximally entangled state equivalence and the construction of infinite quantum solutions to the problem of 36 officers of Euler

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVA.108.032412arXiv2212.06737MaRDI QIDQ6420439FDOQ6420439

A. Lakshminarayan, Suhail Ahmad Rather, Vijay Kodiyalam, Nishal Ramadas

Publication date: 13 December 2022

Abstract: Absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states are genuinely entangled multipartite pure states of $N$ particles, each of local dimension $d$, with maximal entanglement across any bipartition. In this work we settle the question of local unitary equivalence of four party AME states. It is known that there is no AME state of four qubit ($d=2$). We show that there is only {em one} AME state of four qutrits ($d=3$) up to local unitary equivalence. For $dgeq4$ the number of local unitary classes is shown to be infinite. It is known that four party AME states can be constructed from orthogonal Latin squares of dimension $d$ that exist except when $d=2$ and $d=6$. Of special interest is the case $d=6$, where despite this, it was shown recently that a four-party AME state exists, providing a quantum solution to the classically impossible Euler problem of 36 officers. Based on this, an infinity of AME states are constructed that are not equivalent. The more general framework of state equivalence, namely LOCC (local operations and classical communication) and SLOCC (Stochastic LOCC) equivalence are also resolved for these AME state as they are implied by their local unitary equivalence.

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