Total positivity of some polynomial matrices that enumerate labeled trees and forests. II. Rooted labeled trees and partial functional digraphs

DOI10.1016/J.AAM.2024.102703MaRDI QIDQ6425820zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Xi Chen, Alan D. Sokal

Publication date 8 February 2023

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2024.102703

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trees (05C05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) Matrices of integers (15B36) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Enumeration in graph theory (05C30) Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.) (05C78) Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices (15B05) Moment problems and interpolation problems in the complex plane (30E05) Combinatorial inequalities (05A20) Moment problems (44A60)

Abstract: We study three combinatorial models for the lower-triangular matrix with entries $$: two involving rooted trees on the vertex set $[n+1]$, and one involving partial functional digraphs on the vertex set $[n]$. We show that this matrix is totally positive and that the sequence of its row-generating polynomials is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive. We then generalize to polynomials $t_{n,k}(y,z)$ that count improper and proper edges, and further to polynomials $t_{n,k}(y,mathbfphi)$ in infinitely many indeterminates that give a weight $y$ to each improper edge and a weight $m!,ph{i}_m$ for each vertex with $m$ proper children. We show that if the weight sequence $mathbfphi$ is Toeplitz-totally positive, then the two foregoing total-positivity results continue to hold. Our proofs use production matrices and exponential Riordan arrays.

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Cited in

(2)

• Coefficientwise Hankel-total positivity of row-generating polynomials for the $m$-Jacobi-Rogers triangle
• The \(n\)-th production matrix of a Riordan array

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