On the symmetry of finite sums of exponentials II

Abstract: In this note we extend our study of the rich geometry of the graph of a curve defined as the weighted sum of two exponentials. Let

g a m m a_{a, b}^{s} : [0, 1] i g h t a r r o w m a t h b b C

be defined as

gamma_{a,b}^s(t) = (1-s) exp(2 pi i a t) + (1+s) exp(2pi i b t)

in which

1 l e q a < b

are two positive integers and

s i n [- 1, 1]

. In the first part we determined the symmetry groups of the graphs of

g a m m a_{a, b} := g a m m a_{a, b}^{0}

. The main aim of this note is to study the continuous transition of the graph of the curve when

s

changes from

- 1

to

1

. As a main result we determine the winding numbers

m a t h r m w i n d (g a m m a_{a, b}^{s}, 0)

for

s i n [- 1, 1] s e t m i n u s 0

as well as the set of cusp points of each such curve. This sheds further light on our initial symmetry result and provides more non-trivial albeit easy-to-state examples of advanced concepts of geometry and topology.

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