Typicality \`{a} la Russell in set theory

DOI10.1215/00294527-2022-0011MaRDI QIDQ6430299arXivFDO

Authors Athanassios Tzouvaras

Publication date 21 March 2023

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inner models, including constructibility, ordinal definability, and core models (03E45) Other notions of set-theoretic definability (03E47)

Abstract: We adjust the notion of typicality originated with Russell, which was introduced and studied in a previous paper for general first-order structures, to make it expressible in the language of set theory. The adopted definition of the class $mNT$ of nontypical sets comes out as a natural strengthening of Russell's initial definition, which employs properties of small (minority) extensions, when the latter are restricted to the various levels $V_{z}eta$ of $V$. This strengthening leads to defining $mNT$ as the class of sets that belong to some countable ordinal definable set. It follows that $mODsubseteqmNT$ and hence $mHODsubseteqmHNT$. It is proved that the class $mHNT$ of hereditarily nontypical sets is an inner model of $mZF$. Moreover the (relative) consistency of $VeqmNT$ is established, by showing that in many forcing extensions $M[G]$ the generic set $G$ is a typical element of $M[G]$, a fact which is fully in accord with the intuitive meaning of typicality. In particular it is consistent that there exist continuum many typical reals. In addition it follows from a result of Kanovei and Lyubetsky that $mHODeqmHNT$ is also relatively consistent. In particular it is consistent that $calP(omega)capmODsubsetneqcalP(omega)capmNT$. However many questions remain open, among them the consistency of $mHODeqmHNTeqV$, $mHOD=mHNTeqV$ and $mHODeqmHNT=V$.

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