Haagerup property and group-invariant percolation

arXiv2303.17429MaRDI QIDQ6431442FDOQ6431442

Konstantin Recke, Chiranjib Mukherjee

Publication date: 30 March 2023

Abstract: Let $mathcalG$ be the Cayley graph of a finitely generated group $Gamma$. We show that $Gamma$ has the Haagerup property if and only if for every $alpha<1$, there is a $Gamma$-invariant bond percolation $mathbbP$ on $mathcalG$ with $mathbbE[mathrm{deg}_{omega}(g)]>alphamathrm{deg}_{mathcalG}(g)$ for every vertex $g$ and with the two-point function $au(g,h)=mathbbP[gleftrightarrowh]$ vanishing as $d(g,h)oinfty$. Our result is inspired by the characterization of amenability by Benjamini, Lyons, Peres and Schramm [7]. To derive our result, we use the characterization of the Haagerup property in terms of actions on spaces with measured walls in the sense of Cherix, Martin and Valette [11]. Our proof is based on a new construction using invariant point processes on such spaces with measured walls, which leads to quantitative bounds on the two-point functions. These bounds yield in particular exponential decay of the two-point function in several examples, including co-compact Fuchsian groups and lamplighters over free groups. Moreover, our method allows us to strengthen a consequence of Kazhdan's property (T), due to Lyons and Schramm [44], to an {em equivalence}. Namely, we show that $Gamma$ has property (T) if and only if there exists a threshold $alph{a}^{*}<1$ such that for every $Gamma$-invariant bond percolation $mathbbP$ on $mathcalG$, $mathbbE[mathrm{deg}_{o}mega(o)]>alph{a}^{*}mathrmdeg(o)$ implies that the two-point function is bounded away from zero. We extend this result to the setting of {em relative} property (T). We then use the corresponding threshold to give a new proof of the fact, already observed by Gaboriau and Tucker-Drob [21], that there is no unique infinite cluster at the uniqueness threshold for Bernoulli bond percolation on Cayley graphs of groups admitting an infinite normal subgroup with relative property (T).

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