Near invariance of quasi-energy spectrum of Floquet Hamiltonians

arXiv2304.10685MaRDI QIDQ6433828FDOQ6433828

Authors: Amir Sagiv, Michael I. Weinstein 

Publication date: 20 April 2023

Abstract: The spectral analysis of the unitary monodromy operator, associated with a time-periodically (paramatrically) forced Schrodinger equation, is a question of longstanding interest. Here, we consider this question for Hamiltonians of the form ${\displaystyle }$H^{varepsilon}(t)=H^0 + varepsilon^a W(varepsilon^a t, -i abla), ,${\displaystyle }$ where $H^0$ is an unperturbed autonomous Hamiltonian, $ageq1$, and $W(T,cdot)$ has a period of $T_{mper}>0$. In particular, in the small $varepsilon>0$ regime, we seek a comparison between the spectral properties of the monodromy operator, the one-period flow map associated with the $H^{v}arepsilon(t)$ dynamics, and that of the autonomous (unforced) flow, $exp[-i{H}^0{T}_{mper}varepsilo{n}^{-a}]$. We consider $H^0$ which is spatially periodic on $mathbb{R}^n$ with respect to a lattice. Using the decomposition of $H^0$ and $H^{v}arepsilon(t)$ into their actions on spaces (Floquet-Bloch fibers) of pseudo-periodic functions, we establish a near spectral-invariance property for the monodromy operator, when acting data which are $varepsilon$-localized in energy and quasi-momentum. Our analysis requires the following steps: (i) spectrally-localized data are approximated by {it band-limited (Floquet-Bloch) wavepackets}; (ii) the envelope dynamics of such wavepackets is well approximated by an effective (homogenized) PDE, and (iii) an exact invariance property for band-limited Floquet-Bloch wavepackets, which follows from the effective dynamics. We apply our general results to a number of periodic Hamiltonians, $H^0$, of interest in the study of photonic and quantum materials.

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