Weakly nonlinear analysis of a two-species non-local advection-diffusion system

DOI10.1016/J.NONRWA.2024.104086MaRDI QIDQ6437778zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Valeria Giunta, Thomas Hillen, M. A. Lewis, Jonathan R. Potts

Publication date 24 May 2023

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2024.104086

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic systems (35K51) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Abstract: Nonlocal interactions are ubiquitous in nature and play a central role in many biological systems. In this paper, we perform a bifurcation analysis of a widely-applicable advection-diffusion model with nonlocal advection terms describing the species movements generated by inter-species interactions. We use linear analysis to assess the stability of the constant steady state, then weakly nonlinear analysis to recover the shape and stability of non-homogeneous solutions. Since the system arises from a conservation law, the resulting amplitude equations consist of a Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled with an equation for the zero mode. In particular, this means that supercritical branches from the Ginzburg-Landau equation need not be stable. Indeed, we find that, depending on the parameters, bifurcations can be subcritical (always unstable), stable supercritical, or unstable supercritical. We show numerically that, when small amplitude patterns are unstable, the system exhibits large amplitude patterns and hysteresis, even in supercritical regimes. Finally, we construct bifurcation diagrams by combining our analysis with a previous study of the minimisers of the associated energy functional. Through this approach we reveal parameter regions in which stable small amplitude patterns coexist with strongly modulated solutions.

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