New characterization of the norm of the fundamental unit of \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt M)

Abstract: We give an elementary criterion for the norm of the fundamental unit

v a r e p s i l o n_{K}

of

K = m a t h b b Q (s q r t M)

,

M

square-free. More precisely, if

v a r e p s i l o n_{K} = a + b s q r t M

,

a, b i n m a t h b b Z

or

f r a c 12 m a t h b b Z

, its norm

only depends on

and

as follows when

- 1

is a global norm:

if and only if

m = m^{'} = 1

(resp.

m = m^{'} = 2

) for

M

odd (resp. even) (Theorems 1.1 or 2.4).

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