Phantom relaxation rate of the average purity evolution in random circuits due to Jordan non-Hermitian skin effect and magic sums

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.5.033145arXiv2306.07876MaRDI QIDQ6440183FDOQ6440183

Publication date: 13 June 2023

Abstract: Phantom relaxation is relaxation with a rate that is not given by a finite spectral gap. Studying average purity dynamics in a staircase random circuit and the spectral decomposition of a matrix describing underlying Markovian evolution, we explain how that can arise out of an ordinary-looking spectrum. Crucial are alternating expansion coefficients that diverge in the thermodynamic limit due to the non-Hermitian skin effect. The mysterious phantom relaxation emerges out of localized generalized eigenvectors describing Jordan normal form kernel, and, independently, also out of localized true eigenvectors involving interesting trigonometric sums. All this shows that when dealing with non-Hermitian matrices it can happen that the spectrum is not the relevant object; rather, it is the eigenvectors, or, equivalently, the pseudospectrum.

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