Bifurcation and periodic solutions to population models with two dependent delays

MaRDI QIDQ6440336zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Adrian Gomez, José Oyarce

Publication date 14 June 2023

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Periodic solutions to functional-differential equations (34K13) Bifurcation theory of functional-differential equations (34K18) Stability theory of functional-differential equations (34K20) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Abstract: We investigate the scalar autonomous equation with two discrete delays ${\displaystyle }$ dot{x}(t)=f(x(t),x(t-r),x(t-sigma)), ${\displaystyle }$ where $f:mathbb{R}^{3}ightarrowmathbbR$ is a continuously differentiable non-linear function such that $f(0,0,0)=0$. It is shown that if the difference between the delays is constant, then one of the delays becomes a Hopf-bifurcation parameter and, in addition, the absolute stability of the trivial solution can be established. Moreover, the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are determined by using normal form theory. The main results are applied to guarantee the existence of positive periodic solutions to Nicholson's blowflies and Mackey-Glass models, both with a delayed harvesting term. The conclusions are illustrated by numerical simulations.

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