Elements (functions) that are universal with respect to a minimal system

MaRDI QIDQ6440792zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Zhirayr Avetisyan, Martin Grigoryan, Michael Ruzhansky

Publication date 19 June 2023

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Convergence and divergence of series and sequences (40A05) Summability and bases; functional analytic aspects of frames in Banach and Hilbert spaces (46B15) Approximations and expansions (41A99)

Abstract: We call an element $U$ conditionally universal for a sequential convergence space $mathbfOmega$ with respect to a minimal system ${varph{i}_n}_{n=1}^{i}nfty$ in a continuously and densely embedded Banach space $mathcalXhookrightarrowmathbfOmega$ if the partial sums of its phase-modified Fourier series is dense in $mathbfOmega$. We will call the element $U$ almost universal if the change of phases (signs) needs to be performed only on a thin subset of Fourier coefficients. In this paper we prove the existence of an almost universal element under certain assumptions on the system ${varph{i}_n}_{n=1}^{i}nfty$. We will call a function $U$ asymptotically conditionally universal in a space $L^1(mathcalM)$ if the partial sums of its phase-modified Fourier series is dense in $L^1(F_m)$ for an ever-growing sequence of subsets $F_{m}subsetmathcalM$ with asymptotically null complement. Here we prove the existence of such functions $U$ under certain assumptions on the system ${varph{i}_n}_{n=1}^{i}nfty$. Moreover, we show that every integrable function can be slightly modified to yield such a function $U$. In particular, we establish the existence of almost universal functions for $L^p([0,1])$, $pin(0,1)$, and asymptotically conditionally universal functions for $L^1([0,1])$, with respect to the trigonometric system.

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