Symbolic integration on planar differential foliations

MaRDI QIDQ6441069zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Thierry Combot

Publication date 21 June 2023

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Explicit solutions, first integrals of ordinary differential equations (34A05) Symbolic computation of special functions (Gosper and Zeilberger algorithms, etc.) (33F10) Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M15)

Abstract: We consider the problem of symbolic integration of $intG(x,y(x))dx$ where $G$ is rational and $y(x)$ is a non algebraic solution of a differential equation $y^{\prime }(x)=F(x,y(x))$ with $F$ rational. As $y$ is transcendental, the Galois action generates a family of parametrized integrals $I(x,h)=intG(x,y(x,h))dx$. We prove that $I(x,h)$ is either differentially transcendental or up to parametrization change satisfies a linear differential equation in $h$ with constant coefficients, called a telescoper. This notion generalizes elementary integration. We present an algorithm to compute such telescoper given a priori bound on their order and degree $hboxord,N$ with complexity $ildeO(N^{omega+1}hbox{ord}^{omega-1}+Nhbox{ord}^{omega+3})$. For the specific foliation $y=lnx$, a more complete algorithm without an a priori bound is presented. Oppositely, non existence of telescoper is proven for a classical planar Hamiltonian system. As an application, we present an algorithm which always finds, if they exist, the Liouvillian solutions of a planar rational vector field, given a bound large enough for some notion of complexity height.

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