Inner Riesz balayage in minimum energy problems with external fields

arXiv2306.12788MaRDI QIDQ6441102FDOQ6441102

Authors: N. Zorii 

Publication date: 22 June 2023

Abstract: For the Riesz kernel $kapp{a}_{a}lpha(x,y):=|x-y{|}^{alpha-n}$ on $mathbb{R}^n$, where $ngeqslant2$, $alphain(0,2]$, and $alpha<n$, we consider the problem of minimizing the Gauss functional [intkappa_alpha(x,y),d(muotimesmu)(x,y)+2int f,dmu, ext{ where $f:=-U^{o}mega:=-intkapp{a}_{a}lpha(cdot,y),domega(y)$},] $omega$ being a given positive (Radon) measure on $mathbb{R}^n$, and $mu$ ranging over all positive measures of finite energy, concentrated on $Asubsetmathbb{R}^n$ and having unit total mass. We prove that if $A$ is a quasiclosed set of nonzero inner capacity $c_{\ast }(A)$, and if the inner balayage $omeg{a}^A$ of $omega$ onto $A$ is of finite energy, then the solution $lambd{a}_{A,f}$ to the problem exists if and only if either $c_{\ast }(A)<infty$, or $omeg{a}^A(mathbb{R}^n)geqslant1$. We also analyze the support $S(lambd{a}_{A,f})$ of $lambd{a}_{A,f}$, thereby discovering new surprising phenomena. To be precise, we say that $xinpartia{l}_{mathbb{R}^n}A$ is inner $alpha$-ultrairregular for $A$ if $c_{\ast }(A_x^{\ast })<infty$, $A_x^{\ast }$ being the inverse of $A$ with respect to $|y-x|=1$; let $A^u$ consist of all those $x$. We show that for any $xin{A}^{u}cup(mathbb{R}^{n}setminus{mCl}_{mathbb{R}^n}A)$, there is $q_{x}in[1,infty)$ such that $lambd{a}_{A,f_q}$ do exist for all $qin[q_x,infty)$. Here $f_q:=-q{U}^{varepsilo{n}_x}$, $varepsilo{n}_x$ being the unit Dirac measure at $x$. Thus, for any $xin{A}^u$ and $qgeqslant{q}_x$, no compensation effect occurs between two oppositely signed charges carried by the same conductor, which seems to contradict our physical intuition. Another interesting phenomenon is that, if $A$ is closed while $partia{l}_{mathbb{R}^n}A$ unbounded, then for any $xin{A}^{u}cup(mathbb{R}^{n}setminusA)$, $S(lambd{a}_{A,f_{q_x}})$ is noncompact, whereas $S(lambd{a}_{A,f_{q_x+t}})$ is already compact for any $tin(0,infty)$ -- even arbitrarily small.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Potentials and capacities on other spaces (31C15)

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