Characters of classical groups, Schur-type functions, and discrete splines

DOI10.4213/SM9905EarXiv2307.05160MaRDI QIDQ6443300FDOQ6443300

Authors: Grigori Olshanski 

Publication date: 11 July 2023

Abstract: We study a spectral problem related to the finite-dimensional characters of the groups $Sp(2N)$, $SO(2N+1)$, and $SO(2N)$, which form the classical series $C$, $B$, and $D$, respectively. The irreducible characters of these three series are given by $N$-variate symmetric polynomials. The spectral problem in question consists in the decomposition of the characters after their restriction to the subgroups of the same type but smaller rank $K<N$. The main result of the paper is the derivation of explicit determinantal formulas for the coefficients in this decomposition. In fact, we first compute these coefficients in a greater generality -- for the multivariate symmetric Jacobi polynomials depending on two continuous parameters. Next, we show that the formulas can be drastically simplified for the three special cases of Jacobi polynomials corresponding to the $C$-$B$-$D$ characters. In particular, we show that then the coefficients are given by piecewise polynomial functions. This is where a link with discrete splines arises. In type $A$ (that is, for the characters of the unitary groups $U(N)$), similar results were earlier obtained by Alexei Borodin and the author [Adv. Math., 2012], and then reproved by another method by Leonid Petrov [Moscow Math. J., 2014]. The case of the symplectic and orthogonal characters is more intricate.

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Generalized hypergeometric series, ({}_pF_q) (33C20) Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields: analytic methods (22E45) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Spline approximation (41A15)

Cited In (1)

• Factorization of classical characters twisted by roots of unity. II

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