Galois trace forms of type A_{n}, D_{n}, E_{n} for odd n

Abstract: Let

p

be an odd prime number and

z e t a_{p} := e x p (2 p i i / p)

. Then, it is well-known that the

A_{p - 1}

-root lattice can be realized as the (Hermitian) trace form of the

p

-th cyclotomic extension

m a t h b b Q (z e t a_{p}) / m a t h b b Q

restricted to the fractional ideal generated by

(1 - z e t a_{p})^{- (p - 3) / 2}

. In this paper, in contrast with the case of the

A_{p - 1}

-root lattice, we prove the following theorem: Let

n

be an odd positive integer and

F / m a t h b b Q

be a Galois extension of degree

n

. Then, there exist no fractional ideals

L a m b d a

of

F

such that the restricted trace form

(L a m b d a, m a t h r m T r |_{L a m b d a i m e s L a m b d a})

is of type

A_{n}, D_{n}, E_{n}

. The proof is done by the prime ideal factorization of fractional ideals of

F

with care of certain 2-adic obstruction. Additionally, we prove that every cyclic cubic field contains infinitely many distinct sub

m a t h b b Z

-lattices of type

A_{3}

(i.e., normalized face centered cubic lattices) with normal

m a t h b b Z

-bases. The latter fact is in contrast with another fact that among quadratic fields only

m a t h b b Q (s q r t p m 3)

contain sub

m a t h b b Z

-lattices of type

A_{2}

.

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