Gamow vectors and Borel summability in a class of quantum systems

DOI10.1007/S10955-011-0276-XMaRDI QIDQ644939zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors O. Costin, Min Huang

Publication date 7 November 2011

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0902.0654

zbMATH Keywords

Borel summabilityGamow vectorsSchrödinger equationtransseries

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81Q20) Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C05)

Abstract: We analyze the detailed time dependence of the wave function $psi(x,t)$ for one dimensional Hamiltonians $H=-partia{l}_x^2+V(x)$ where $V$ (for example modeling barriers or wells) and $psi(x,0)$ are {em compactly supported}. We show that the dispersive part of $psi(x,t)$, its asymptotic series in powers of $t^{-1/2}$, is Borel summable. The remainder, the difference between $psi$ and the Borel sum, is a convergent expansion of the form $su{m}_{k=0}^{infty}{g}_{k}Gamm{a}_k(x)e^{-gamm{a}_{k}t}$, where $Gamm{a}_k$ are the Gamow vectors of $H$, and $gamm{a}_k$ are the associated resonances; generically, all $g_k$ are nonzero. For large $k$, $gamm{a}_{k}simconstcdotklogk+k^{2}p{i}^{2}i/4$. The effect of the Gamow vectors is visible when time is not very large, and the decomposition defines rigorously resonances and Gamow vectors in a nonperturbative regime, in a physically relevant way. The decomposition allows for calculating $psi$ for moderate and large $t$, to any prescribed exponential accuracy, using optimal truncation of power series plus finitely many Gamow vectors contributions. The analytic structure of $psi$ is perhaps surprising: in general (even in simple examples such as square wells), $psi(x,t)$ turns out to be $C^{i}nfty$ in $t$ but nowhere analytic on $R{R}^{+}$. In fact, $psi$ is $t-$analytic in a sector in the lower half plane and has the whole of $R{R}^{+}$ a natural boundary.

Recommendations

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