A degeneration formula of Gromov-Witten invariants with respect to a curve class for degenerations from blow-ups

Publication date 11 August 2004

Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30)

Abstract: In two very detailed, technical, and fundamental works, Jun Li constructed a theory of Gromov-Witten invariants for a singular scheme of the gluing form

Y_{1} c u p_{D} Y_{2}

that arises from a degeneration

W / {B b b A}^{1}

and a theory of relative Gromov-Witten invariants for a codimension-1 relative pair

(Y, D)

. As a summit, he derived a degeneration formula that relates a finite summation of the usual Gromov-Witten invariants of a general smooth fiber

W_{t}

of

W / {B b b A}^{1}

to the Gromov-Witten invariants of the singular fiber

W_{0} = Y_{1} c u p_{D} Y_{2}

via gluing the relative pairs

(Y_{1}, D)

and

(Y_{2}, D)

. The finite sum mentioned above depends on a relative ample line bundle

H

on

W / {B b b A}^{1}

. His theory has already applications to string theory and mathematics alike. For other new applications of Jun Li's theory, one needs a refined degeneration formula that depends on a curve class

in

A_{a s t} (W_{t})

or

H_{2} (W_{t}; B b b Z)

, rather than on the line bundle

H

. Some monodromy effect has to be taken care of to deal with this. For the simple but useful case of a degeneration

W / {B b b A}^{1}

that arises from blowing up a trivial family

X i m e s {B b b A}^{1}

, we explain how the details of Jun Li's work can be employed to reach such a desired degeneration formula. The related set

of admissible triples adapted to

that appears in the formula can be obtained via an analysis on the intersection numbers of relevant cycles and a study of Mori cones that appear in the problem. This set is intrinsically determined by

and the normal bundle

{c a l N}_{Z / X}

of the smooth subscheme

Z

in

X

to be blown up.

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