Infinite N phase transitions in continuum Wilson loop operators
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Infinite \(N\) phase transitions in continuum Wilson loop operators
Infinite \(N\) phase transitions in continuum Wilson loop operators
Abstract: We define smoothed Wilson loop operators on a four dimensional lattice and check numerically that they have a finite and nontrivial continuum limit. The continuum operators maintain their character as unitary matrices and undergo a phase transition at infinite N reflected by the eigenvalue distribution closing a gap in its spectrum when the defining smooth loop is dilated from a small size to a large one. If this large N phase transition belongs to a solvable universality class one might be able to calculate analytically the string tension in terms of the perturbative Lambda-parameter. This would be achieved by matching instanton results for small loops to the relevant large-N-universal function which, in turn, would be matched for large loops to an effective string theory. Similarities between our findings and known analytical results in two dimensional space-time indicate that the phase transitions we found only affect the eigenvalue distribution, but the traces of finite powers of the Wilson loop operators stay smooth under scaling.
Recommendations
- Universality of large \(N\) phase transitions in Wilson loop operators in two and three dimensions
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- Wilson loops in unitary matrix models at finite \(N\)
- The string tension from smeared Wilson loops at large \(N\)
- Evidence for large-\(N\) phase transitions in \( \mathcal{N}={2^{*}} \) theory
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