Type-2 Isomorphic Circulant Graphs of Order np^3 w.r.t. r = p and Their Abelian Groups

MaRDI QIDQ6505033arXivFDO

Authors V. Vilfred Kamalappan, Wilson Peraprakash

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Isomorphism problems in graph theory (reconstruction conjecture, etc.) and homomorphisms (subgraph embedding, etc.) (05C60) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Structural characterization of families of graphs (05C75)

Abstract: Vilfred cite{v20} defined Type-2 isomorphism, different from Adam's isomorphism, of circulant graphs $C_n(R)$ w.r.t. $r$, $rinR$ $i$ $gcd(n,r)=m>1$. Circulant graphs $C_n(R)$ and $C_n(S)$ are said to be emph{Adam's isomorphic} if there exist some $ainmathbb{Z}_n^{\ast }$ such that $S=aR$ under arithmetic reflexive modulo $n$. $C_n(R)$ is said to have {it Cayley Isomorphism} (CI)-property if whenever $C_n(S)$ is isomorphic to $C_n(R),$ they are of Adam's isomorphic. CI-problem determines which graphs (or which groups) have the $CI$-property. Classification of cyclic $CI$-groups was completed by Muzychuk cite{mu04} but investigation of graphs without $CI$-property is not much done. Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs don't have CI-property and we obtained such graphs of order $n$ for $r$ = 2,3,5,7, $ninmathbbN$. In this paper, we obtain Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs of order $n{p}^3$ w.r.t. $r=p$, and abelian groups on these isomorphic graphs where $p$ is a prime number and $ninmathbbN$. Theorems ef{c10} and ef{c13} are the main results. Using Theorem ef{c13}, a list of $T{2}_{n{p}^3,p}(C_{n{p}^3}(R_j^{n{p}^3,x+yp}))$ for $p$ = 3,5,7,11 and $n$ = 1 to 5 and also for $p$ = 13 and $n$ = 1 to 3 are given in the Annexure where $(T{2}_{n{p}^3,p}(C_{n{p}^3}(R_j^{n{p}^3,x+yp})),circ)$ is an abelian group on the $p$ isomorphic circulant graphs $C_{n{p}^3}(R_i^{n{p}^3,x+yp})$ of Type-2 w.r.t. $r=p$, $1leqi,jleqp$, $1leqxleqp-1$, $yinmathbb{N}_0$, $0leqyleqnp-1$, $1leqx+ypleqn{p}^2-1$, $p,n{p}^3-pin{R}_i^{n{p}^3,x+yp}$ and $i,j,n,xinmathbbN$. We also show by Example ef{e9} that there exist $C_n(R)$ and $C_n(S)$ which are isomorphic but are neither of Adam's nor of Type-2 w.r.t. any particular $r$, $rinmathbb{Z}_n$ and $gcd(n,r)=m>1$.

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