Semi-equivelar toroidal maps and their k-edge covers

DOI10.1515/FORUM-2023-0168arXiv2111.13085MaRDI QIDQ6505262FDOQ6505262

Authors: Arnab Kundu, Dipendu Maity 

Abstract: If the facembox{-}cycles at all the vertices in a map are of same type then the map is called semimbox{-}equivelar. A tiling is edge-homogeneous if any two edges with vertices of congruent face-cycles. In general, edge-homogeneous maps on a surface form a bigger class than edge-transitive maps. There are edge-homogeneous toroidal maps which are not edgembox{-}transitive. An edge-homogeneous map is called $k$-edge-homogeneous if it contains $k$ number of edge orbits. In particular, if $k=1$ then it is called edge-transitive map. In general, a map is called $k$-edge orbital or $k$-orbital if it contains $k$ number of edge orbits. A map is called minimal if the number of edges is minimal. A surjective mapping $etacolonMoK$ from a map $M$ to a map $K$ is called a covering if it preserves adjacency and sends vertices, edges, faces of $M$ to vertices, edges, faces of $K$ respectively. Orbani{' c} et al. and {v S}ir{'a}{v n} et al. have shown that every edge-homogeneous toroidal map has edge-transitive cover. In this article, we show the bounds of edge orbits of edge-homogeneous toroidal maps. Using these bounds, we show the bounds of edge orbits of non-edge-homogeneous semi-equivelar toroidal maps. We also prove that if a edge-homogeneous map is $k$ edge orbital then it has a finite index $m$-edge orbital minimal cover for $mlek$. We also show the existence and classification of $n$ sheeted covers of edge-homogeneous toroidal maps for each $ninmathbbN$. We extend this to non-edge-homogeneous semi-equivelar toroidal maps and prove the same results, i.e., if a non-edge-homogeneous map is $k$ edge orbital then it has a finite index $m$-edge orbital minimal cover (non-edge-homogeneous) for $mlek$ and then classify them for each sheet.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polyhedral manifolds (52B70) Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes in low dimensions (57M60) Polyhedra and polytopes; regular figures, division of spaces (51M20) Tilings in (2) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C20)

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