Spectral dimensions of Krein-Feller operators in higher dimensions

arXiv2202.05247MaRDI QIDQ6505446FDOQ6505446

Authors: Marc Kesseböhmer, Aljoscha Niemann 

Abstract: We study the spectral dimensions of Krein-Feller operators for finite Borel measures $u$ on the $d$-dimensional unit cube ($d>1$) via a form approach. We introduce the notion of the spectral partition function of $u$ and, assuming that the lower $infty$-dimension of $u$ exceeds $d-2$, we show that the upper Neumann spectral dimension coincides with the unique zero of the spectral partition function. We show that if the lower $infty$-dimension of $u$ is strictly less than $d-2$, the form approach breaks down. Examples are given for the critical case, that is the lower $infty$-dimension of $u$ equals $d-2$, such that for one case the form approach breaks down, another case, where the operator is well defined but we have no discrete set of eigenvalues, and for the third case, where the spectral dimension exists. We provide additional regularity assumptions on the spectral partition function, guaranteeing that the Neumann spectral dimension exists and coincides with the Dirichlet spectral dimension. The significance of our new approach is illustrated by several prominent examples -- namely absolutely continuous measures, Ahlfors-David regular measure, and self-conformal measures with or without overlaps -- for which the spectral partition function is essentially given by its $L^q$-spectrum and both the Dirichlet and Neumann spectral dimensions exist. Moreover, we provide general bounds for the upper Neumann spectral dimension in terms of the upper Minkowski dimension of the support of $u$ and its lower $infty$-dimension. Finally, we give an example for which the spectral dimension does not exist.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Fractals (28A80) Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) Volterra integral equations (45D05)

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