Finite model theory for pseudovarieties and universal algebra: preservation, definability and complexity
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Publication:6507243
Model theory of finite structures (03C13) Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among complexity classes, etc.) (68Q15) Subalgebras, congruence relations (08A30) Equational logic, Mal'tsev conditions (08B05) Subdirect products and subdirect irreducibility (08B26) Descriptive complexity and finite models (68Q19) Varieties and pseudovarieties of semigroups (20M07)
Abstract: We explore new interactions between finite model theory and a number of classical streams of universal algebra and semigroup theory. A key result is an example of a finite algebra whose variety is not finitely axiomatisable in first order logic, but which has first order definable finite membership problem. This algebra witnesses the simultaneous failure of the {L}os-Tarski Theorem, the SP-preservation theorem and Birkhoff's HSP-preservation theorem at the finite level as well as providing a negative solution to a first order formulation of the long-standing Eilenberg Sch"utzenberger problem. The example also shows that a pseudovariety without any finite pseudo-identity basis may be finitely axiomatisable in first order logic. Other results include the undecidability of deciding first order definability of the pseudovariety of a finite algebra and a mapping from any fixed template constraint satisfaction problem to a first order equivalent variety membership problem, thereby providing examples of variety membership problems complete in each of the classes , , , , and infinitely many others (depending on complexity-theoretic assumptions).
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