Exact universal bounds on quantum dynamics and fast scrambling

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.132.040402arXiv2212.14021MaRDI QIDQ6507422FDOQ6507422

Authors: Amit Vikram, Victor M. Galitski 

Abstract: Quantum speed limits such as the Mandelstam-Tamm or Margolus-Levitin bounds offer a quantitative formulation of the energy-time uncertainty principle that constrains dynamics over short times. We show that the spectral form factor, a central quantity in quantum chaos, sets a tighter universal bound on the quantum dynamics of a complete set of initial states over arbitrarily long times. This bound further generalizes naturally to the real-time dynamics of time-dependent or dissipative systems where no energy spectrum exists. We use this result to constrain the scrambling of information in interacting many-body systems. For Hamiltonian systems, we show that the fundamental question of the fastest possible scrambling time -- without any restrictions on the structure of interactions -- maps to a purely mathematical property of the density of states involving the non-negativity of Fourier transforms.

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