On the stability and instability of Kelvin-Stuart cat's eyes flows
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Abstract: Kelvin-Stuart vortices are classical mixing layer flows with many applications in fluid mechanics, plasma physics and planetary rings. We prove that the whole family of Kelvin-Stuart vortices is nonlinearly stable for co-periodic perturbations, and linearly unstable for multi-periodic or modulational perturbations. This verifies a long-standing conjecture since the discovery of the Kelvin-Stuart cat's eyes flows in the 1960s. Kelvin-Stuart cat's eyes are also static equilibria for the 2D ideal MHD equations. We prove nonlinear stability of the magnetic islands for co-periodic perturbations, and give a rigorous proof of the coalescence instability.
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