Observational cosmology with semi-relativistic stars

DOI10.4310/AMSA.2016.V1.N1.A5MaRDI QIDQ679616zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Abraham Loeb, James Guillochon

Publication date 19 January 2018

Published in Annals of Mathematical Sciences and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.5030

zbMATH Keywords

cosmologygravitational wavemassive black hole binariessemi-relativistic stars

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Black holes (83C57) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40) Celestial mechanics (70F15) Gravitational waves (83C35) Galactic and stellar structure (85A15)

Abstract: Galaxy mergers lead to the formation of massive black hole binaries which can accelerate background stars close to the speed of light. We estimate the comoving density of ejected stars with a peculiar velocity in excess of $0.1c$ or $0.5c$ to be $sim10^{10}$ and $10^5$ Gpc${}^{-3}$ respectively, in the present-day Universe. Semi-relativistic giant stars will be detectable with forthcoming telescopes out to a distance of a few Mpc, where their proper motion, radial velocity, and age, can be spectroscopically measured. In difference from traditional cosmological messengers, such as photons, neutrinos, or cosmic-rays, these stars shine and so their trajectories need not be directed at the observer for them to be detected. Tracing the stars to their parent galaxies as a function of speed and age will provide a novel test of the equivalence principle and the standard cosmological parameters. Semi-relativistic stars could also flag black hole binaries as gravitational wave sources for the future eLISA observatory.

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