Diffusion and butterfly velocity at finite density

DOI10.1007/JHEP06(2017)030MaRDI QIDQ683115zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 5 February 2018

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00947

gauge-gravity correspondence holography and condensed matter physics (AdS/CMT)

Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05)

Abstract: We study diffusion and butterfly velocity (

v_{B}

) in two holographic models, linear axion and axion-dilaton model, with a momentum relaxation parameter (

) at finite density or chemical potential (

m u

). Axion-dilaton model is particularly interesting since it shows linear-

T

-resistivity, which may have something to do with the universal bound of diffusion. At finite density, there are two diffusion constants

D_{p} m

describing the coupled diffusion of charge and energy. By computing

D_{p} m

exactly, we find that in the incoherent regime (

)

D_{+}

is identified with the charge diffusion constant (

D_{c}

) and

D_{-}

is identified with the energy diffusion constant (

D_{e}

). In the coherent regime, at very small density,

D_{p} m

are `maximally' mixed in the sense that

D_{+} (D_{-})

is identified with

D_{e} (D_{c})

, which is opposite to the case in the incoherent regime. In the incoherent regime

D_{e} s i m C_{-} h b a r v_{B}^{2} / k_{B} T

where

C_{-} = 1 / 2

or 1 so it is universal independently of

and

m u

. However,

D_{c} s i m C_{+} h b a r v_{B}^{2} / k_{B} T

where

C_{+} = 1

or

so, in general,

C_{+}

may not saturate to the lower bound in the incoherent regime, which suggests that the characteristic velocity for charge diffusion may not be the butterfly velocity. We find that the finite density does not affect the diffusion property at zero density in the incoherent regime.

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