Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. II: Thermal equivariant cohomology
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Abstract: Causally ordered correlation functions of local operators in near-thermal quantum systems computed using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism obey a set of Ward identities. These can be understood rather simply as the consequence of a topological (BRST) algebra, called the universal Schwinger-Keldysh superalgebra, as explained in our companion paper arXiv:1610.01940. In the present paper we provide a mathematical discussion of this topological algebra. In particular, we argue that the structures can be understood in the language of extended equivariant cohomology. To keep the discussion self-contained, we provide a basic review of the algebraic construction of equivariant cohomology and explain how it can be understood in familiar terms as a superspace gauge algebra. We demonstrate how the Schwinger-Keldysh construction can be succinctly encoded in terms a thermal equivariant cohomology algebra which naturally acts on the operator (super)-algebra of the quantum system. The main rationale behind this exploration is to extract symmetry statements which are robust under renormalization group flow and can hence be used to understand low-energy effective field theory of near-thermal physics. To illustrate the general principles, we focus on Langevin dynamics of a Brownian particle, rephrasing some known results in terms of thermal equivariant cohomology. As described elsewhere, the general framework enables construction of effective actions for dissipative hydrodynamics and could potentially illumine our understanding of black holes.
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Cited in
(14)- An action for and hydrodynamics from the improved large D membrane
- Effective action for relativistic hydrodynamics: fluctuations, dissipation, and entropy inflow
- Second-order transport, quasinormal modes and zero-viscosity limit in the Gauss-Bonnet holographic fluid
- Effective field theory of dissipative fluids. II: Classical limit, dynamical KMS symmetry and entropy current
- Emergent supersymmetry in local equilibrium systems
- Dissipative hydrodynamics in superspace
- Thermal out-of-time-order correlators, KMS relations, and spectral functions
- Holographic Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theories
- Steady states, thermal physics, and holography
- Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. I: BRST symmetries and superspace
- Nonrelativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory. I. Normal fluid composed of spinless Schrödinger fields
- \(AdS_3\) orbifolds, BTZ black holes, and holography
- An entropy current in superspace
- On the bound states and correlation functions of a class of Calogero-type quantum many-body problems with balanced loss and gain
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