A continuum of periodic solutions to the planar four-body problem with two pairs of equal masses

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2017.12.016MaRDI QIDQ683480zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tiancheng Ouyang, Zhifu Xie

Publication date 6 February 2018

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.4206

zbMATH Keywords

stabilityvariational method\(n\)-body problemcentral configurationchoreographic periodic solutions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(n)-body problems (70F10) Inverse problems for systems of particles (70F17) Hamilton's equations (70H05) Dynamical systems in classical and celestial mechanics (37N05) Celestial mechanics (70F15)

Abstract: In this paper, we apply the variational method with the Structural Prescribed Boundary Conditions (SPBC) to prove the existence of periodic and quasi-periodic solutions for planar four-body problem with $m_1=m_3$ and $m_2=m_4$. A path $q(t)$ in $[0,T]$ satisfies SPBC if the boundaries $q(0)inmathbfA$ and $q(T)inmathbfB$, where $mathbfA$ and $mathbfB$ are two structural configuration spaces in $(mathbf{R}^2{)}^4$ and they depend on a rotation angle $hetain(0,2pi)$ and the mass ratio $mu=frac{m}_2{m}_{1}inmathbf{R}^{+}$. We show that there is a region $Omegasubseteq(0,2pi)imes{R}^{+}$ such that there exists at least one local minimizer of the Lagrangian action functional on the path space satisfying SPBC $$ $(mathbf{R}^2{)}^4)|$ $q(0)in$ $mathbfA,q(T)in$ $$ for any $(heta,mu)inOmega$. The corresponding minimizing path of the minimizer can be extended to a non-homographic periodic solution if $heta$ is commensurable with $pi$ or a quasi-periodic solution if $heta$ is not commensurable with $pi$. In the variational method with SPBC, we only impose constraints on boundary and we do not impose any symmetry constraint on solutions. Instead, we prove that our solutions extended from the initial minimizing pathes have the symmetries. The periodic solutions can be further classified as simple choreographic solutions, double choreographic solutions and non-choreographic solutions. Among the many stable simple choreographic orbits, the most extraordinary one is the stable star pentagon choreographic solution when $(heta,mu)=(frac4pi5,1)$. Remarkably the unequal-mass variants of the stable star pentagon are just as stable as the basic equal mass choreography (See figure 1).

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Cited in

(5)

• Existence of prograde double-double orbits in the equal-mass four-body problem
• Periodic solutions for planar four-body problems
• The Broucke-Hénon orbit and the Schubart orbit in the planar three-body problem with two equal masses
• On a periodic solution of the 4-body problems
• Star pentagon and many stable choreographic solutions of the Newtonian 4-body problem

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