Chaos, order, and information in the evolution of strings

DOI10.1016/0096-3003(93)90119-YMaRDI QIDQ688944zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Werner Ebeling

Publication date 9 November 1993

Published in Applied Mathematics and Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(93)90119-y

zbMATH Keywords

chaoscosmosdegree of order in stringsDNAentropy per symbolevolution of stringsevolution processesevolutionary gamesinformationmusicordertexts

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Problems related to evolution (92D15)

Review text

We have shown that chaos, order, and information are intimately connected in evolution processes and especially in the evolution of strings. On the one hand, chaos and stochastic processes are the only source of new structures and new information in evolution processes. Therefore, any proper theory of evolution processes must be a stochastic theory. On the other hand, evolution processes are creating ordered structures all over the time: chaos creates cosmos. In this general sense, evolution is playing a game on the border between order and chaos. As a special example of our general thesis we have considered strings generated by evolutionary processes. We have shown that the entropy per symbol is one possible appropriate quantity for measuring the degree of order in strings. We have checked the hypothesis that strings produced by evolutionary processes are neither periodic nor chaotic but somehow in between. We have given several examples to illustrate this hypothesis: strings produced by evolutionary games, pieces of DNA, and pieces of music and texts. The general conclusion is that such a general statement cannot be proven on the basis of an empirical analysis. For the calculation of entropies, we need infinite chains of letters, notes, etc. Therefore, the available empirical material that is finite must be extended to infinity by using certain hypotheses.

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Cited in

(3)

• Emergence of order from chaos by cooperative non-biased learning between random bit-strings
• Dynamic entropies and predictability of evolutionary processes
• Binary and ternary structures of the evolutions in the universe (2 3 2 -world). IV: The entropy description of evolution

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