Minimal two spheres in Kähler-Einstein Fano manifolds
Consider \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^2\) equipped with its Kähler-Einstein metric. The authors prove that there exists a stable symplectic minimal \(2\)-sphere in \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^2\) which is not holomorphic with respect to any almost complex structure compatible with the Kähler-Einstein metric and a symplectic \(2\)-form. The strategy for the proof is to perturb a suitable holomorphic \(2\)-sphere so as to keep it stable and minimal but not holomorphic. The starting point is an analytic family of complex manifolds, known from earlier investigations by Hirzebruch and Kodaira, whose general member is biholomorphic to \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^1\) and whose central fiber is the so-called Hirzebruch surface \({\mathbb F}_2\). This surface \({\mathbb F_2}\) contains an isolated rational curve \(C_0\) which does not deform to a holomorphic curve in \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^1\). Now consider the product metric \(2g^1_{{\mathbb C}P^1} \times 3g^2_{{\mathbb C}P^1}\) on \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^1\), where \(g^i_{{\mathbb C}P^1}\) denotes the standard Fubini-Study metric on the \(i\)-th projective line factor. The authors show that this metric converges to a Kähler metric \(g_0\) on \({\mathbb F}_2\). They then perturb \(C_0\) in \(({\mathbb F}_2,g_0)\) as a stable minimal surface to obtain a stable symplectic minimal \(2\)-sphere in \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^1\) which is not holomorphic with respect to any almost complex structure compatible with the Kähler-Einstein metric and a symplectic \(2\)-form. The main result then follows by embedding \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^1\) into \({\mathbb C}P^1 \times {\mathbb C}P^2\) holomorphically with a linear map.
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