Powers of the Euler product and commutative subalgebras of a complex simple Lie algebra

Abstract: If

f r a k g

is a complex simple Lie algebra, and

k

does not exceed the dual Coxeter number of

f r a k g

, then the k

^{t h}

coefficient of the

d i m f r a k g

power of the Euler product may be given by the dimension of a subspace of

w e d g e^{k} f r a k g

defined by all abelian subalgebras of

f r a k g

of dimension

k

. This has implications for all the coefficients of all the powers of the Euler product. Involved in the main results are Dale Peterson's

2^{r a n k}

theorem on the number of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of

f r a k g

, an element of type

h o

and my heat kernel formulation of Macdonald's

e t a

-function theorem, a set

D_{a l c o v e}

of special highest weights parameterized by all the alcoves in a Weyl chamber (generalizing Young diagrams of null

m

-core when

f r a k g = L i e S l (m, B b b C)

), and the homology and cohomology of the nil radical of the standard maximal parabolic subalgebra of the affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra.

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