A basis-set based fortran program to solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for dilute Bose gases in harmonic and anharmonic traps

DOI10.1016/J.CPC.2005.10.014zbMATH Open1196.81039arXivcond-mat/0603732OpenAlexW2028104998MaRDI QIDQ709846FDOQ709846

Rakesh Prabhat Tiwari, Alok Kumar Shukla

Publication date: 18 October 2010

Published in: Computer Physics Communications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Inhomogeneous boson systems, such as the dilute gases of integral spin atoms in low-temperature magnetic traps, are believed to be well described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). GPE is a nonlinear Schroedinger equation which describes the order parameter of such systems at the mean field level. In the present work, we describe a Fortran 90 computer program developed by us, which solves the GPE using a basis set expansion technique. In this technique, the condensate wave function (order parameter) is expanded in terms of the solutions of the simple-harmonic oscillator (SHO) characterizing the atomic trap. Additionally, the same approach is also used to solve the problems in which the trap is weakly anharmonic, and the anharmonic potential can be expressed as a polynomial in the position operators x, y, and z. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved iteratively using either the self-consistent-field (SCF) approach, or the imaginary time steepest-descent (SD) approach. Our results for harmonic traps are also compared with those published by other authors using different numerical approaches, and excellent agreement is obtained. GPE is also solved for a few anharmonic potentials, and the influence of anharmonicity on the condensate is discussed. Additionally, the notion of Shannon entropy for the condensate wave function is defined and studied as a function of the number of particles in the trap. It is demonstrated numerically that the entropy increases with the particle number in a monotonic way.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0603732

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zbMATH Keywords

Bose-Einstein condensationGross-Pitaevskii equationnumerical solutionsanharmonic potential

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Software, source code, etc. for problems pertaining to quantum theory (81-04)

Cites Work

• Matrix eigensystem routines - EISPACK guide. 2nd ed
• A Mathematical Theory of Communication
• Structure of a quantized vortex in boson systems
• Ground-state solution of Bose--Einstein condensate by directly minimizing the energy functional
• Some Integrals Involving Hermite Polynomials

Cited In (9)

• Fortran and C programs for the time-dependent dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation in an anisotropic trap
• GPELab, a Matlab toolbox to solve Gross-Pitaevskii equations. I: Computation of stationary solutions
• GSGPEs: a MATLAB code for computing the ground state of systems of Gross-Pitaevskii equations
• Fortran programs for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a fully anisotropic trap
• bose.x
• Modeling and Computation of Bose-Einstein Condensates: Stationary States, Nucleation, Dynamics, Stochasticity
• A minimisation approach for computing the ground state of Gross-Pitaevskii systems
• A finite-element toolbox for the stationary Gross-Pitaevskii equation with rotation
• Computing wave functions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations: a time-independent approach

Uses Software

• EISPACK

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