Quasi-local energy for spherically symmetric spacetimes

DOI10.1007/S10714-012-1399-3zbMATH Open1252.83019arXiv1206.0506OpenAlexW2039679558MaRDI QIDQ715029FDOQ715029

Jian-Liang Liu, Chiang-Mei Chen, James M. Nester, Ming-Fan Wu

Publication date: 15 October 2012

Published in: General Relativity and Gravitation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We present two complementary approaches for determining the reference for the covariant Hamiltonian boundary term quasi-local energy and test them on spherically symmetric spacetimes. On the one hand, we isometrically match the 2-surface and extremize the energy. This can be done in two ways, which we call programs I (without constraint) and II (with additional constraints). On the other hand, we match the orthonormal 4-frames of the dynamic and the reference spacetimes. Then, if we further specify the observer by requiring the reference displacement to be the timelike Killing vector of the reference, the result is the same as program I, and the energy can be positive, zero, or even negative. If, instead, we require that the Lie derivatives of the two-area along the displacement vector in both the dynamic and reference spacetimes to be the same, the result is the same as program II, and it satisfies the usual criteria: the energies are non-negative and vanish only for Minkowski (or anti-de Sitter) spacetime.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0506

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zbMATH Keywords

Hamiltonian boundary termquasi-local energyspherically symmetric spacetimes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40)

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Cited In (6)

• Quantum energy inequalities and local covariance. I. Globally hyperbolic spacetimes
• Chen-Nester-Tung quasi-local energy and Wang-Yau quasi-local mass
• Gravitational energy for GR and Poincaré gauge theories: a covariant Hamiltonian approach
• Quasi-local energy-momentum and angular momentum in general relativity
• Local Energy Decay for Maxwell Fields Part I: Spherically Symmetric Black-Hole Backgrounds
• QUASI-LOCAL ENERGY FOR COSMOLOGICAL MODELS

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