Twisted sigma-model solitons on the quantum projective line

complex and holomorphic structures harmonic maps non-commutative sigma-model projections and line bundles quantum projective line self-dual equations twisted cycles and Hochschild cocycles twisted Hichschild positivity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Holomorphic bundles and generalizations (32L05) Equivariant fiber spaces and bundles in algebraic topology (55R91) Geometry of quantum groups (58B32) Harmonic maps, etc. (58E20)

Abstract: On the configuration space of projections in a noncommutative algebra, and for an automorphism of the algebra, we use a twisted Hochschild cocycle for an action functional, and a twisted cyclic cocycle for a topological term. The latter is Hochschild-cohomologous to the former and positivity in twisted Hochschild cohomology results into a lower bound for the action functional. While the equations for the critical points are rather complicate, the use of the positivity and the bound by the topological term leads to self-duality equations (thus yielding twisted noncommutative sigma-model solitons, or instantons). We present explicit non trivial solutions on the quantum projective line.

Review text

The noncommutative generalization of a nonlinear sigma model with the source \(\Sigma\) and target \(M\) is started with the \(\ast\)-algebras \(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{B}\) of complex valued smooth functions defined on \(\Sigma, M\) [\textit{L. Dabrowski} et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 14, No. 22--23, 2367--2382 (2000; Zbl 1073.81656)]. Its action functional having noncommutative conformal invariance is obtained within the framework of positive Hochschild cohomology [\textit{A. Connes}, Noncommutative geometry. Transl. from the French by Sterling Berberian. San Diego, CA: Academic Press (1994; Zbl 0818.46076), Section VI, 2]. Since the module of sections of the vector bundle associated with the quantum principal U(1)-bundle on the quantum projective line \(\mathbb{CP}^1\) has the action of a representation \(\rho:\mathrm{U}(1)\to V\), in this paper, twisted Hochschild cocycle \(\Phi_\sigma\) for the action functional, and twisted Hochschild cocycle \(\Psi_\sigma\) for the ``topological term are presented. Explicitly, let \(\mathrm{P}\in \mathrm{Mat}_N(\mathcal{A})\) a projection, where \(\mathcal{A}\) is the ``source space algebra. Then the action functional (the energy of the projection P) and a ``topological term (the \(q\)-index of a Dirac operator) are given by \[ \begin{aligned} &S_\sigma(\mathrm{P})=\Phi_\sigma(\mathrm{P,P,P})=\frac{1}{2}\int_h\mathrm{tr}_q(\mathrm{P}(\ast\mathrm{dP})\wedge \mathrm{dP}), \\ &\mathrm{Top}_\sigma(\mathrm{P})=\Psi_\sigma(\mathrm{P,P,P})=\frac{1}{2}\int_h\mathrm{tr}_q(\mathrm{PdP}\wedge\mathrm{dP}).\end{aligned} \] Here \(\mathrm{tr}_q\) is a `quantum' trace, \(\ast\) is a Hodge operator, and \(\int_h\) is a positive twisted state on \(\mathcal{A}\) with modular representation \(\sigma\in \mathrm{Aut}(\mathcal{A})\). Then assuming \(\mathcal{A}=\mathrm{Mat}_{n+1}\mathcal{O}(\mathbb{C}\mathrm{P}_q^1))\), it is shown \[ S_\sigma(\mathrm{P})\geq |\mathrm{Top}_\sigma(\mathrm{P})|, \] with equality occurring for P satisfying self-dual or anti-self-dual equations \[ [\ast\mathrm{PdP}\pm\mathrm{PdP}. \] (\S4. Prop.4.2). In \S2, after explaining quantum projective line \(\mathbb{CP}^1_q\), structures of equivariant line bundles (which are identified \(\mathrm{Mat}_{n+1}(\mathcal{O}(\mathbb{CP}^1_q)\)) are studied. Together with these and results in [\textit{P. M. Hajac} and \textit{S. Majid}, Commun. Math. Phys. 206, No. 2, 247--264 (1999; Zbl 0936.46052); \textit{G. Landi} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 287, No. 1, 179--209 (2009; Zbl 1180.58004)], solutions of anti-self-dual equations \(\mathrm{P}^\phi\) and self-dual equations \(\mathrm{P}^\psi\) on the quantum projective line are explicitly calculated (\S6, (6.1), (6.2); Lemma 6.1). From these calculations, the followings are obtained: \[ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{P}^\phi\mathrm{dP}^\phi\wedge\mathrm{dP}^\phi=&-q^{n+1}[n]\mathrm{P}^\phi\omega_-\wedge\omega_+ \\ \mathrm{P}^\psi\mathrm{dP}^\psi\wedge\mathrm{dP}^\psi=&q^{-|n|+1}[|n|]\mathrm{P}^\psi\omega_-\wedge\omega_+ \\ \mathrm{Top}_\sigma(\mathrm{P}^\phi)=&-q[n]. \\ \mathrm{Top}_\sigma(\mathrm{P}^\psi)=&q[|n|].\end{aligned} \] Here, \(\omega_\pm\) are the basis of \(\Omega^1(\mathrm{SU}_q(2)\) (cf. \S2.5), and \([x]=[x]_q=\dfrac{q^x-q^{-x}}{q-q^{-1}}\) (Lemma 6.2). These are the final results of this paper. Necessary preliminaries on positive cocycles and twisted conformal symmetry, and connections and holomorphic structures are explained in \S3 and \S5.

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