The arc space of the Grassmannian

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2016.10.036MaRDI QIDQ728256zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 19 December 2016

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.08833

arc space Grassmannian log canonical threshold Nash problem plane partition Schubert variety semi-valuation

Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Arcs and motivic integration (14E18) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15)

Abstract: We study the arc space of the Grassmannian from the point of view of the singularities of Schubert varieties. Our main tool is a decomposition of the arc space of the Grassmannian that resembles the Schubert cell decomposition of the Grassmannian itself. Just as the combinatorics of Schubert cells is controlled by partitions, the combinatorics in the arc space is controlled by plane partitions (sometimes also called 3d partitions). A combination of a geometric analysis of the pieces in the decomposition and a combinatorial analysis of plane partitions leads to invariants of the singularities. As an application we reduce the computation of log canonical thresholds of pairs involving Schubert varieties to an easy linear programming problem. We also study the Nash problem for Schubert varieties, showing that the Nash map is always bijective in this case.

Review text

The space of arcs \(J_\infty X\) for a variety \(X\) have been introduced by \textit{J. F. Nash} jun. [Duke Math. J. 81, No. 1, 31--38 (1995; Zbl 0880.14010)] and \textit{H. W. Kuhn} et al. [Duke Math. J. 81, No. 1, 1--29 (1995; Zbl 0849.01037)] to investigate the singularities and their resolutions of algebraic surfaces. Together with the jet schemes they have been used to study the essential divisors over varieties [\textit{S. Ishii} and \textit{J. Kollár}, Duke Math. J. 120, No. 3, 601--620 (2003; Zbl 1052.14011)], and to calculate numerical invariants of singularities of pairs [\textit{M. Mustaţă}, Invent. Math. 145, No. 3, 397--424 (2001; Zbl 1091.14004)]. On the arc space of a variety one could use motivic integration to study the topology of that variety [\textit{M. Kontsevich}, Lectures at Orsay, (1995) and \textit{J. Denef} and \textit{F. Loeser}, Invent. Math. 135, No. 1, 201--232 (1999; Zbl 0928.14004)], permitting to investigate the singularities of hypersurfaces using their motivic zeta functions [\textit{W. Veys}, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 43, 529--572 (2006; Zbl 1127.14004)]. In the article under review, the arc spaces of the Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) and its Schubert varieties \(\Omega_\lambda\) are described, using a decomposition of of \(J_\infty \mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) by contact strata, which could be viewed as the analogue of Schubert cells. It is described the log canonical threshold of pairs containing Schubert variety, for the calculation of which is proposed an effective algorithm. Another application gives a positive answer to the Nash problem in the case of Schubert varieties. After some generalities on arc and jet spaces, contact loci, semi-valuations, log canonical thresholds and the Nash problem, some basic facts about Grassmannians and Schubert varieties are recalled. For any arc in \(J_\infty \mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) viewed as a lattice \(\Lambda\subset\mathbb{C}t^n\), such that \(\mathbb{C}t^n/\Lambda\) is free \(\mathbb{C}t\) module of rank \(n-k\), there is \(k\times(n-k)\) matrix \(\beta\) called invariant factor profile of \(\Lambda\), which is determined by the orders of contact with the Schubert varieties. Moreover, any \(\beta\) is a plane partition, and every plane partition appears in that way. This is proved using planar networks [\textit{S. Fomin} and \textit{A. Zelevinsky}, Math. Intell. 22, No. 1, 23--33 (2000; Zbl 1052.15500)], and it permits to decompose the arc space using plane partitions, obtaining a decomposition of \(J_\infty \mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) by contact strata \({\mathcal C}_\beta\). This stratification naturally resembles the Schubert cell decomposition of \(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\). Furthermore, the contact strata \({\mathcal C}_\beta\) are irreducible. From this follows that \(\overline{{\mathcal C}}_\beta\) is the maximal set in \(J_\infty \mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) associated to the semi-valuation ord\(_\beta\). Another natural decomposition of \(J_\infty \mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) could be obtained considering the orbits of the action of \(J_\infty B\) on \(J_\infty \mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\), where \(B\subset Gl_n\) is the Borel subgroup. The Nash problem for a variety \(X\) asks if the Nash map between the sets of irreducible components over Sing\((X)\), and the essential divisors over \(X\) are in bijection. In the case of a Schubert variety it is proposed as generalized Nash problem to determine all containments among the closed contact strata. A necessary condition for \(\overline{{\mathcal C}}_\beta\supseteq\overline{{\mathcal C}}_{\beta'}\) to hold is given by the Plücker order on the plane partitions \(\beta\trianglelefteq\beta'\). A couple of sufficient conditions for a containment to hold are proposed, one of them based on an analysis of the weight exponents associated to partitions. In the particular case of \(\mathrm{Gr}(2,4)\) the Plücker order characterizes the containment of strata completely, which permits to solve of Nash problem in that case. The study of the log canonical thresholds of pairs involving Schubert variety starts with computation of their log discrepancies. A key theorem describes \(\mathrm{lct}(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n), \Omega_\lambda)\) as the maximum of some linear function on the rational convex polytope of normalized Schubert valuations. Moreover, for an explicit calculation of the Arnold multiplicity of \((\mathrm{Gr}(k,n), \Omega_\lambda)\) is proposed an algorithm based on the simplex method. Using that Sing\((\Omega_\lambda)\) is union of Schubert varieties, it is constructed a particular resolution, for which its exceptional components are in bijection with the components over Sing\((\Omega_\lambda)\) in the arc space. This permits to conclude that the Nash map for \(\Omega_\lambda\) is bijective, and to describe the Nash valuations, i.e. the essential ones, using the contact strata.

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