A characterization of quadratic polynomials by functional equations and a Diophantine problem

DOI10.1007/S00591-009-0060-ZMaRDI QIDQ734103zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jürgen Elstrodt

Publication date 19 October 2009

Published in Mathematische Semesterberichte (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00591-009-0060-z

zbMATH Keywords

functional equation for real functionsquadratic Diophantine equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic and bilinear Diophantine equations (11D09) Counting solutions of Diophantine equations (11D45) Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Number theory (educational aspects) (97F60) Functional equations (educational aspects) (97I70)

Review text

The author considers the functional equation \[ f(x)+ f(y)+ f(z)= f(ax+ by+ cz)+ f(bx+ cy+ az)+ f(cx+ ay+ bz)\quad (x,y,z\in\mathbb R) \] and shows that, if \((a,b,c)\) is a nontrivial solution to the system \(a+b+c=1\), \(a^2+ b^2+ c^2= 1\), then \(f: \mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) is a continuous (or locally integrable) solution of the functional equation, iff \(f\) is a quadratic polynomial (i.e., a polynomial with grade \(\leq 2\)). By considering rational solutions to \(a+b+c= 1\), \(a^2+ b^2+ c^2= 1\), the author is conducted to a very interesting study of the system of Diophantine equations \(x+ y+ z= m\), \(x^2+ y^2+ z^2= m^2\), where \(m\) is a positive integer. By combining methods of algebraic number theory and analytic number theory, he proves e.g. that for the number \(R(m)\) of solutions of this system one has the asymptotic result \(\sum_{n\leq t} R(n)\sim{2\sqrt{3}\over \pi}\,t\log t\) as \(t\to\infty\).

Recommendations

• Distribution of solutions of diophantine equations \(f_ 1 (x_ 1) f_ 2 (x_ 2)= f_ 3 (x_ 3)\), where \(f_ i\) are polynomials. II
• On a functional equation with polynomials
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• ON THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONz²=f(x)²±f(y)², II

Cites work

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• Simultane Darstellung zweier ganzen Zahlen als einer Summe von ganzen Zahlen und deren Quadratsumme
• Tauberian Theory

Cited in

(3)

• Distribution of solutions of diophantine equations \(f_ 1(x_ 1)f_ 2(x_ 2)=f_ 3(x_ 3)\), where \(f_ i\) are polynomials
• Distribution of solutions of diophantine equations \(f_ 1 (x_ 1) f_ 2 (x_ 2)= f_ 3 (x_ 3)\), where \(f_ i\) are polynomials. II
• Characterizations of Quadratic Polynomials

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