On microlocal analyticity of solutions of first-order nonlinear PDE
In this interesting paper, the author studies the microlocal analyticity of solutions to a first-order nonlinear PDE. More precisely, let \(f=f(z,w,\zeta_0,\zeta)\) be holomorphic in a neighborhood \(\Omega\times N\subset{\mathbb C}^{m+1}\times{\mathbb C}^{1+m}\) of \(((0,0),(a,\omega)).\) Assume that \(U\subset\Omega\cap{\mathbb R}^{m+1}\) is a neighborhood of \((0,0)\in{\mathbb R}^{m+1}\), and consider a solution \(u\in C^2(U)\) to \(u_t=f(x,t,u,u_x)\) such that \[ u(0,0)=a,\,\,u_x(0,0)=\omega, \] and \((u(x,t),u_x(x,t))\in N\) for all \((x,t)\in U\). Let \(L^u\) be the linearized operator \[ L^u=\frac{\partial}{\partial t}-\sum_{j=1}^m\frac{\partial f}{\partial\zeta_j} (x,t,u,u_x)\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}. \] It is known after \textit{N. Hanges} and \textit{F. Treves} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 331, No. 2, 627--638 (1992; Zbl 0758.35018)], that the analytic wave-front set \(\mathrm{WF}_a(u)\) of \(u\) is contained in the characteristic set \(\mathrm{Char}(L^u)\) of \(L^u\). The author proves here that: If \(\rho\in\text{Char}(L^u)\), and \[ -i\rho([L^u,\overline{L^u}])<0, \quad\text{or}\quad u\in C^3(U), \quad \rho([L^u,\overline{L^u}])=0 \quad\text{and}\quad -i\rho([L^u,[L^u,\overline{L^u}]])\not=0, \] then \(\rho\not\in\text{WF}_a(u)\). He proves also a generalization of this result when \(m=1\) and \(u\in C^k(U)\), the bracket conditions on \(L^u\) being now required on repeated brackets of length \(\leq k\), along with a sign condition when \(k\) is even.
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