Quadratic maps between modules

Abstract: We introduce a notion of

R

-quadratic maps between modules over a commutative ring

R

which generalizes several classical notions arising in linear algebra and group theory. On a given module

M

such maps are represented by

R

-linear maps on a certain module

P_{R}^{2} (M)

. The structure of this module is described in term of the symmetric tensor square

S y m_{R}^{2} (M)

, the degree 2 component

G a m m a_{R}^{2} (M)

of the divided power algebra over

M

, and the ideal

I_{2}

of

R

generated by the elements

r^{2} - r

,

r i n R

. The latter is shown to represent quadratic derivations on

R

which arise in the theory of modules over square rings. This allows to extend the classical notion of nilpotent

R

-group of class 2 with coefficients in a 2-binomial ring

R

to any ring

R

. We provide a functorial presentation of

I_{2}

and several exact sequences embedding the modules

P_{R}^{2} (M)

and

G a m m a_{R}^{2} (M)

.

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