Graded polynomial identities for matrices with the transpose involution

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2016.06.012MaRDI QIDQ738891zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Michael Natapov, Darrell Haile

Publication date 16 August 2016

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00969

zbMATH Keywords

algebra with involutiondirected graphsEulerian pathgraded codimensiongraded polynomial identitiesmatrix algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Enumeration in graph theory (05C30) Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs (05C45) (T)-ideals, identities, varieties of associative rings and algebras (16R10) Other kinds of identities (generalized polynomial, rational, involution) (16R50) Twisted and skew group rings, crossed products (16S35) Rings with involution; Lie, Jordan and other nonassociative structures (16W10) Graded rings and modules (associative rings and algebras) (16W50)

Abstract: Let $G$ be a group of order $k$. We consider the algebra $M_k(mathbbC)$ of $k$ by $k$ matrices over the complex numbers and view it as a crossed product with respect to $G$ by embedding $G$ in the symmetric group $S_k$ via the regular representation and embedding $S_k$ in $M_k(mathbbC)$ in the usual way. This induces a natural $G$-grading on $M_k(mathbbC)$ which we call a crossed-product grading. We study the graded $\ast$-identities for $M_k(mathbbC)$ equipped with such a crossed-product grading and the transpose involution. To each multilinear monomial in the free graded algebra with involution we associate a directed labeled graph. Use of these graphs allows us to produce a set of generators for the $(T,\ast )$-ideal of identities. It also leads to new proofs of the results of Kostant and Rowen on the standard identities satisfied by skew matrices. Finally we determine an asymptotic formula for the $\ast$-graded codimension of $M_k(mathbbC)$.

Review text

Let \(G\) be a group of order \(k\) embedded in the symmetric group \(S_k\) via the regular representation. The \(k\times k\) matrix algebra \(M_k({\mathbb C})\) can be viewed as a crossed product with respect to \(G\) by embedding the elements of \(S_k\) in \(M_k({\mathbb C})\) in the usual way as permutation matrices. This induces a natural \(G\)-grading on \(M_k({\mathbb C})\) which the authors call a crossed-product grading: The \(g\)-homogeneous component of \(M_k({\mathbb C})\) consists of the matrices \(D_kP_g\), where \(D_k\) is the set of diagonal matrices and \(P_g\) is the permutation matrix corresponding to \(g\in G\). In the paper under review, the authors study the graded \(\ast\)-polynomial identities for \(M_k({\mathbb C})\) equipped with such a crossed-product grading and the transpose involution. To each multilinear monomial in the free graded algebra with involution they associate a directed labeled graph. Using these graphs the authors produce a basis (a set of generators) of the \((T,\ast)\)-ideal of identities for \(M_k({\mathbb C})\). The basis is very simple and does not depend on the group \(G\). As an application the authors give new proofs of the results of \textit{B. Kostant} [J. Math. Mech. 7, 237--264 (1958; Zbl 0087.25702)] and \textit{L. H. Rowen} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 190, 253--284 (1974; Zbl 0286.16012)] on the standard identities satisfied by skew matrices. For this purpose they use an analogue of the Swan theorem on paths of length \(2k\) in a directed graph with \(k\) vertices. [\textit{R. G. Swan}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 14, 367--373 (1963; Zbl 0118.01802); Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 21, 377--380 (1969; Zbl 0186.06003)]. Finally, the authors determine an asymptotic formula for the graded codimension of \(M_k({\mathbb C})\): \[ c_n^G\sim {k\over 2^{k-1}}k^{2n}, \] and, for \(k=2\), the exact formula \(c_n^G=4^n-2^n+1\).

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Cites work

• A graph theoretic approach to graded identities for matrices.
• An Application of Graph Theory to Algebra
• Correction to "An Application of Graph Theory to Algebra"
• Counting abelian squares
• Graded polynomial identities of matrices
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3142926 (Why is no real title available?)
• Standard Polynomials in Matrix Algebras

Cited in

(7)

• A graph theoretic approach to graded identities for matrices.
• *-polynomial identities of matrices with the transpose involution: The low degrees
• Graded polynomial identities for matrices with the transpose involution over an infinite field
• Graded identities with involution for the algebra of upper triangular matrices
• Central polynomials of the second-order matrix algebra with graded involution
• Homogeneous involutions on graded division algebras and their polynomial identities
• On star-homogeneous-graded polynomial identities of upper triangular matrices over an arbitrary field

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